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This topic is discussing on more realistic situation where we can observe the experimental data was deviated from perfect gas law. There were situations or parameters that can be manipulated in order to "revise" the prefect gas equation and fit with the experimental observation. In this topic, CO2 has been chosen as an example to explain the intermolecular interaction, compression factor, virial coefficient, condensation and critical constant. These are resulting from the situation where we have a trapped gas in a container with variable molar volume and pressure at determined temperatures.
In more advanced approach, Van der Waals was rather improved the perfect gas equation by applying smaller volume. Hence, affect the frequency and force of collision of the gas molecules. The redefine equation also bring about the prediction of critical compression factor of a gas.